A Carbon Nanocomposite Material Used in the Physical Modelling of the Overburden Subsidence Process.

Carbon nanomaterial is widely used in structural health monitoring due to the advantage of sensitivity and good mechanical properties. This study presents a novel approach employing carbon nanocomposite materials (CNMs) to characterize deformation and damage evolution in physical modelling. As the primary measurement method, the CNM is used to investigate the deformation characteristics of a 200-400 m thick sandstone bed at a 1 km deep longwall mine. The sandstone unit is identified as an ultra-thick key stratum (UTKS), with its thicknesses varying across different mining panels of the UTKS. The results of CNM monitoring show that the UTKS remains stable even after a consecutive excavation of 900 m in width. This stability impedes the upward propagation of overlying strata failure, leading to minimal surface subsidence. The study demonstrates the huge potential of CNM in the mining area, which can be useful for investigating material damage in physical modelling studies. The findings suggest that the cumulative extraction width in individual mining areas of the mine should be controlled to avoid a sudden collapse of the UTKS, and that special attention should be paid to where the UTKS's thickness changes substantially. The substantial variation in UTKS thickness significantly impacts the pattern of overburden subsidence.

Influence of stress distribution in coal seams of non-uniform extremely thick key stratum and disaster-causing mechanisms.

This paper analyzes the influence of the overlying extremely thick primary key stratum on the strong mine pressure hazard at the large mining face in Gaojiapu coal mine. The analysis of the distribution characteristics of the primary key stratum in the Gaojiapu coal mine reveals the bow-shaped structural characteristics of the overlying thick primary key stratum. An elastodynamic model was developed using the variational method to calculate and analyze the influence of the movement of the primary key stratum on the stress and energy of the underlying weak rock. The results show that the arch structure of the overlying extremely thick primary key stratum can significantly affect the distribution pattern of stress and strain energy in the coal body, and the stress and strain energy in the coal body are transferred to the middle of the coal column, and the middle region of the coal column enters a high stress state. These results suggest that the change in thickness of the overlying primary key stratum at Gaojiapu in the coal column area is a major factor in the frequent occurrence of impact ground pressure events at the mine. This study explains the causes of frequent impact ground pressure in the lower coal rock mass of the extremely thick primary key stratum, and provides a reference for the prevention and control of impact hazards in the extremely thick primary key stratum.

The field monitoring experiment of the high-level key stratum movement in coal mining based on collaborative DOFS and MPBX.

The deformation and movement characteristics of high-level key stratums in overlying strata are important for estimating ground subsidence and understanding failure characteristics of ultrathick strata during mining. In this study, a distributed optical fiber sensor (DOFS) and multipoint borehole extensometers (MPBXs) were collaboratively employed to monitor the deformation of high-level key stratums in situ during the mining process at working face 130,604 of the Maiduoshan Coal Mine. DOFS monitoring results showed that the distance from advance influence of mining on the ground surface is 219.2 m. The deformation of the shallow stratums were greater and was affected earlier than that of the deep stratums. The deformation in the strata did not occur continuously and the boundary curve of the impact from advance mining was not a straight line with the advancement of the working face. By the MPBX technology, we measured the strata movement and obtained four-stage characteristics of high-level key stratum movement. The subsidence of the primary key stratum and the sub key stratum were monitored to reach 1389 and 1437 mm; their final relative displacement differed by 48 mm. No bed separation was observed in between the strata, and the key stratums tended to sink as a whole with the advancement of the working face. This research guides the analysis the movement of thick high-level key stratums.

Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Chinese species of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1824 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae).

New taxonomic and nomenclatural data are provided for Chinese species of Sarcophaga Meigen, 1824. Eight new synonyms are proposed: two at the genus level, Magnicauda Wei, 2005 syn. nov. = Sarcophaga Meigen, 1824 and Leigongshanophaga Lehrer & Wei, 2010 syn. nov. = Sarcophaga Meigen, 1824, two at the subgenus level, Magnicauda Wei, 2005 syn. nov. = Pterosarcophaga Ye, 1981 and Leigongshanophaga Lehrer & Wei, 2010 syn. nov. = Cornexcisia Fan & Kano, 2000, and four at the species level, Sarcophagacatoptosa Wei & Yang, 2007 syn. nov. = Sarcophagasuthep Pape & Bänziger, 2003, Pierretiadaozhenensis Wei, 2005 syn. nov. = Sarcophagasichotealini (Rohdendorf, 1938), Pierretiaautochthona Wei & Yang, 2007 syn. nov. = Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) kanoi Park, 1962, and Parasarcophagasimultaneousa Wei & Yang, 2007 syn. nov. = Sarcophagahuangshanensis (Fan, 1964). Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) aegyptica Salem, 1935 is considered a senior synonym of Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) parkeri (Rohdendorf, 1937). Correct original spellings are established, by First Reviser action, for the genus-group names Magnicauda Wei, 2005 and Pterosarcophaga Ye, 1981 and for the species-group name Magnicaudalinjiangensis Wei, 2005. Chinese material of Sarcophaga (Bellieriomima) genuforceps, S. (Robineauella) huangshanensis (holotype and paratype), S. (Liosarcophaga) kanoi, and S. (L.) aegyptica is photographed for the first time.

Chemotherapy plus concurrent irreversible electroporation improved local tumor control in unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma compared with chemotherapy alone.

INTRODUCTION: Unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (UHC) is a malignant tumor and has a poor prognosis. IRE is a novel non-thermal ablative therapy that causes cellular apoptosis via electrical impulses. To compare the curative effect for UHC, chemotherapy plus concurrent IRE and chemotherapy alone were set up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 2015 to May 2019, 47 patients with UHC were analyzed to chemotherapy + IRE group (n = 23) or chemotherapy alone group (n = 24) in this study. Treatment response was assessed with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1 month after treatment and every 3 months thereafter. Local tumor progression (LTP), time to LTP, overall survival (OS) and procedure-related complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Chemotherapy plus concurrent IRE group showed a tendency toward a decreased rate of LTP (16.7% vs. 39.5%; p = 0.039) and an increased complete response rate (52.2% vs. 12.5%; p = 0.011) compared with chemotherapy alone group. Time to LTP was significantly longer in the chemotherapy plus concurrent IRE group compared to chemotherapy alone group (11.2 months vs. 4.2 months; p = 0.001). Median OS was significantly longer in the chemotherapy plus concurrent IRE group compared to chemotherapy alone group (19.6 months vs. 10.2 months; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy plus concurrent IRE improved local control and prolonged time to LTP and OS in patients with UHC.

2003-2013, a valuable study: Autologous tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell immunotherapy with cytokine-induced killer cells improves survival in stage IV breast cancer.

Dendritic cells (DCs) and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have both shown activity as immunotherapy in some malignancies. Our aim was to prospective assess the effect of this immunotherapy in patients with stage IV breast cancer. Between Aug 2003 and Dec 2013, we collected 368 patients who met inclusion criteria and divided into immunotherapy group (treatment group: 188 patients) and chemotherapy group (control group: 180 patients). DCs were prepared from the mononuclear cells isolated from patients in the treatment group using IL-2/GM-CSF and were loaded with tumour antigens; CIK cells were prepared by incubating peripheral blood lymphocytes with IL-2, IFN-γ, and CD3 antibodies. After the patients had received low-dose chemotherapy, those in the treatment group also received the DC-CIK therapy, which was repeated four times in a fortnight to form one cycle. At least three cycles of DC-CIK therapy were given. Immune function was measured in treatment group patients' sera. Disease-free survival (DFS) and Overall survival (OS) after the diagnosis of stage IV breast cancer was assessed after a 10-year follow-up. The result demonstrated that immune function is obviously enhanced after DC-CIK therapy. By Cox regression analysis, DC-CIK therapy reduced the risk of disease progression (p<0.01) with an increased OS (p<0.01). After low-dose chemotherapy, active immunization with DC-CIK immunotherapy is a potentially effective approach for the control of tumour growth in stage IV breast cancer patients.

Species diversity can be overestimated by a fixed empirical threshold: insights from DNA barcoding of the genus Cletus (Hemiptera: Coreidae) and the meta-analysis of COI data from previous phylogeographical studies.

The use of genetic distances to identify species within the framework of DNA barcoding has to some extent improved the development of biodiversity studies. However, using a fixed empirical threshold to delimit species may lead to overestimating species diversity. In this study, we use a new data set of COI sequences for 366 specimens within the genus of Cletus as well as conduct an analysis on the same genetic data for collected morphologically defined species from previous phylogeographical studies, to test whether high intraspecific genetic divergences are common with the premises of comprehensive sampling. The results indicate C. graminis Hsiao & Cheng , is the same species with C. punctiger (Dallas, 1852) and should be synonymized and that the distributional record of C. pugnator (Fabricius, 1787) in China is correct. High intraspecific genetic differentiations (0%-4.35%) were found in C. punctiger. Furthermore, as to the mined data, the maximum intraspecific K2P distances of 186 species (48.44% of 384) exceed 3%, and 101 species (26.30%) can be divided into two or more clusters with a threshold of 3% in cluster analysis. If genetic distance is used to delimit species boundaries, the minimum interspecific K2P distance of the congeneric species should be considered rather than only using the fixed empirical value; otherwise, the species richness may be overestimated in some cases.

Review of the Fannia postica-group Chillcott, 1961 of the genus Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, with description of two new species from the Palearctic and Oriental regions (Diptera, Fanniidae).

A total of 17 species of the Fannia postica-group Chillcott, 1961 from the Palearctic and Oriental regions are reviewed herein, 2 of which are described from China as new: Fannia ningxiaensis Wang & Zhang, sp. n. and Fannia subaethiops Wang & Zhu, sp. n.. Fannia labidocerca Feng & Xue, 2006, originally placed in Fannia serena-group Chillcott, 1961, is moved to the postica-group and re-described. An identification key to the males of known species from these regions is provided.

Supplementary catalogue of the Anthomyiidae (Diptera) of China.

The present catalogue of Anthomyiidae attempts to list all species (173) described or recorded from mainland China (165) and Taiwan (8) that for various reasons are not treated in "Flies of China" from 1998. The catalogue further lists Chinese species that are presently standing in new generic combinations compared to those of "Flies of China", species that have changed name because of synonymy or misidentification, and species upgraded from subspecies to species. Regional distribution by province is specified for all species. Literature sources to descriptions or records of anthomyiid species from China are only given for those 173 species not covered by "Flies of China". Four new combinations are proposed: Enneastigmafulva (Malloch, 1934), Enneastigmahenanensis (Ge & Fan, 1982), Enneastigmalengshanensis (Xue, 2001) and Hylemyaqinghaiensis (Fan, Chen & Ma, 1989). Eremomyiaturbida Huckett, 1951 is revived from synonymy with Chortophilatriticiperda Stein, 1900 (current name Eutrichotaturbida). One subspecies is upgraded to species: Adiaasiatica Fan, 1988. The following eight new synonymies are proposed: Deliapectinatorfuscilateralis Fan in Fan & Zheng, 1992 with Deliapectinator Suwa, 1984; Eremomyiapilimanapilimarginata Fan & Qian in Fan, Chen, Ma & Ge, 1982 with Eremomyiaturbida Huckett, 1951 (current name Eutrichotaturbida); Lopesohylemya Fan, Chen & Ma, 1989 with Hylemya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; Deliomyia Fan in Fan et al., 1988 with Subhylemyia Ringdahl, 1933; Hydrophoriadisticrassa Xue & Bai, 2009 with Hydrophoriapullata Wu, Liu & Wei, 1995 (current name Zaphnepullata); Heteroterma Wei, 2006 with Scathophaga Meigen, 1803; Heterotermafanjingensis Wei, 2006 with Scathophagacurtipilata Feng, 2002; Scatomyzafansipanicola Ozerov in Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2011 with Scathophagacurtipilata Feng, 2002. The genus Heteroterma Wei, 2006 and species Heterotermafanjingensis Wei, 2006 are reassigned from Anthomyiidae to Scathophagidae.

The types of Anthomyiidae (Diptera) in the Shanghai Entomological Museum, Chinese Academy of Science, China.

An annotated list of the type-specimens of Anthomyiidae deposited in the Shanghai Entomological Museum, China, is presented. A total of 196 holotypes and 479 paratypes representing 212 nominal species (207 valid, 5 synonyms) were recognized and are listed alphabetically. Bibliographical data of the original description, labels and condition of the type-specimens and the current name of the species are provided. At the end, a nomenclatural summary and a geographic summary are provided.

Influence of data conflict and molecular phylogeny of major clades in Cimicomorphan true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera).

Cimicomorpha, which consists of 16 families representing more than 19,400 species, is the largest infraorder in Heteroptera, Insecta. We present the first molecular phylogenetic investigation of family relationships of Cimicomorpha, including 46 taxa from 12 of 16 Cimicomorphan families. Three genes, with a total of 3277 bp of sequence data (nuclear 18S rDNA: 2022 bp, 28S rDNA: 755 bp, and mitochondrial 16S rDNA: 498 bp) were analyzed. Data partitions were analyzed separately and in combination, by employing ML (maximum likelihood), MP (maximum parsimony), and Bayesian methods. As saturation was detected in substitutions of 16S rDNA, influence of data conflict in combined analyses was further explored by three methods: the incongruence length difference (ILD) test, the partitioned Bremer support (PBS), and the partition addition bootstrap alteration approach (PABA). PBS and PABA approaches suggested that 16S rDNA was not very suitable for addressing relationships at this level in Cimicomorpha. Our results also supported the nabid-cimicoid lineage for Cimicoidea proposed by Schuh and Stys [Schuh, R.T., Stys, P., 1991. Phylogenetic analysis of Cimicomorphan family relationships (Heteroptera). J. NY Entomol. Soc. 99 (3), 298-350]. Data incongruence and the utility of the three genes were briefly discussed.